1	"Brad Rippe" Brad Rippe
2	Variables int age; This is a declaration. Makes the name and the type of variable known to the program. int age = 22; This is a definition. It is also a declaration, so it defines the variable type and name, in addition to initializing it to a value.
3	Multiple Assignment and Combined Assignment = is an operator that can be used > 1 time in an expression: x = y = z = 5; Value of = is the value that is assigned Associates right to left: x = (y = (z = 5));
4	Constant Variables variable whose content cannot be changed during program execution Used for representing constant values with descriptive names: const double TAX_RATE = 0.0675; const int NUM_STATES = 50; Often named in uppercase letters Unmodifiable for the life of the program.
5	Variable Types What’s the difference here? ‘c’ “c” Is there a difference?
6	variables Char is 8 bits May contain one of the values from the ascii character codes String depends of the number of characters Size is determined when we define the variable
7	A few questions? int x = 22; // what's happening here if(3 < x < 7) { cout << (3 < x < 7) << endl; cout << "Executing if statements\n"; } cout << "outside of if statements\n";
8	Logical Operators if( temp > 68 && temp < 72 \|\| temp > 100) { cout << “Temperature “ << temp; } && has a higher precedence than the \|\| operator equivalent to: if((temp > 68 && temp < 72) \|\| temp > 100)
9	Negation Operator ! – the not operator Returns the inverse of the condition or expression int temp = 72; if(!temp) bool registered = false; if(!registered)
10	What happens? int iVal = 0; iVal = 3.541 + 3; Your compiler should complain by giving you a warning Loss of data due to the fact that an int uses 2 bytes and doubles use 8 bytes.
11	What is output? int c = 5; cout << c << endl; cout << c++ << endl; cout << c << endl; c = 5; cout << c << endl; cout << ++c << endl; cout << c << endl;
12	What is output here? for(int p = 0; p < 10; p++) { if(p < 5) { continue; } if(p > 5) break; cout << "This is p " << p << endl; }
13	For loop Initialization statement – initializes a counter variable (counter-controlled loop). Executed once when the loop begins Continuation condition – determines if the body of the loop will be executed. As long as the condition remains true the body of the loop is executed The counter is modified. The counter can be incremented or decrement (this doesn’t have to be by 1)
14	Omitting parts for(;;) { cout << “catch me if you can!!!\n”; } Initialization can be omitted if initialization occurs else where The condition is omitted, it’s the equivalent of typing true. If this is the case then the loop must have a break or a return statement to terminate the loop The expression for the counter can be omitted if the body handles changing the value of the counter or the loop must be terminated with a break or return statement
15	What happens? for(int j = 0; j < 5; j++) { cout << "outer: j is " << j << endl; for(int i = 4; i > 0; i--) { cout << “\tinner: i is " << i << endl; } }
16	Nested Loops - Notes Inner loop goes through all repetitions for each repetition of outer loop Inner loop repetitions complete sooner than outer loop Total number of repetitions for inner loop is product of number of repetitions of the two loops. In previous example, inner loop repeats 20 times
17	How do we know? Step through the code on a piece of paper Type it into your editor and step through the code in the debugger
18	Preprocessor #include directive Inserts the contents of the file specified < > Runs before your code gets to the compiler Searches in the directory of the file then the include path More after we cover header files
19	Assignment 4 Posted today…