1. Define chemistry and explain the role of chemicals on earth and
in the universe - Chapter 1.2
2. Define the terms basic research and applied research - Chapter 1.2
3. Explain and be able to apply the scientific method - Chapter 1.2
4. Give examples of limitation of science - Chapter 1.2
5. Define and conduct calculations using the SI system of measurement units
- Chapter 1.3
6. Explain the meaning of the term matter - Chapter 1.4
7. Explain the concept of energy - Chapter 1.5
8. Discuss the meaning of temperature and its relation to the physical states
of matter - Chapter 1.6-1.7
9. Understand and be able to apply the concept of density to calculations -
Chapter 1.8
10. Explain the difference between atoms and molecules - Chapter 2.2-2.3
1. Discuss the terms chemical properties and physical properties and if a given
change is a physical change or a chemical change - - Chapter 2.1
2. Discuss the role of atoms as the fundamental components of the chemical
elements - Chapter 2.2
3. Describe the general form of the periodic table - Chapter 2.6
4. Discuss how two or more elements combine to form a compound - Chapter 2.3
5. List and use the rules for naming simple compounds - Chapter 2.3
6. Discuss the terms purity and impurity - Chapter 2.5
7. Discuss how elements are arranged in the periodic table according to their
properties - Chapter 2.6
8. Name the common groups in the periodic table: alkali metals, alkaline
earth's, and halogens - Chapter 2.6
1. Discuss the physics perspective of the origins of the universe -
Chapter 3.1
2. Discuss subatomic particles - Chapter 3.1
3. Explain Lavoisier's contributions to modern chemistry- Chapter 3.2
4. Explain why mass is conserved in a chemical reaction - Chapter 3.2
5. Explain how a hypothesis can be transformed into a theory - Chapter 3.3
6. Explain how Mendeleev created the modern form of the periodic table - Chapter
3.3
7. Explain how electrons were discovered using a Crookes discharge tube - Chapter
3.4
8. Discuss how J.J. Thomson determined that electrons have mass and charge-
Chapter 3.5
9. Describe the structure of an atom - Chapter 3.6
10. Explain the terms atomic number and mass number and calculate these quantities
- Chapter 3.6
11. Understand the meaning of an isotope - Chapter 3.6
Chapter 4. The Atomic Nucleus
1. Describe the discovery of Wilhelm Roentgen and its application to radioactivity
- Chapter 4.1
2. Describe the three major products of radiation -
Chapter 4.1
3. Calculate the annual exposure to radiation using rems -
Chapter 4.2
4. Identify various radioactive isotopes -
Chapter 4.3
Chapter 5. Atomic Models
1. Describe how scientists develop models to help understand complex phenomena
- Chapter 5.1
2. Explain that light is a form of energy - Chapter 5.2
3. Understand and be able to apply the terms wavelength, frequency, and electromagnetic
spectrum - Chapter 5.
4. Describe how the spectrum of light emitted by an atom can be used to identify
the element - Chapter 5.3
5. Describe a line spectrum- Chapter 5.3
6. Explain the Bohr theory of the atom- Chapter 5.4
7. Describe how light consists of quantized particles called photons- Chapter
5.4
8. Explain that electrons in
an atom reside in quantized energy levels- Chapter 5.4
9. Give an explanation of de Broglie's theory that all matter can exhibit the
properties of a wave- Chapter 5.5
10. Describe how quantum mechanics predicts that electrons in an atom live
in regions of space called atomic orbitals - Chapter 5.5
11. Sketch the shapes of the "s", and "p" orbitals - Chapter
5.5
12. Explain how atomic orbitals have different energies that controls how they
are filled up with electrons - Chapter
5.6
13. Explain the Aufbau principle - Chapter
5.6
14. Describe how the periodic table is structured according to the Aufbau
principle - Chapter 5.7
15. Describe periodic trends based on the Periodic Table - Chapter
5.8
1. Describe the two types of chemical bonds, ionic and covalent -
Chapter 6.1 - 6.3
2. Identify that ionic bonds are formed by a transfer of electrons from a metal
to a nonmetal - Chapter 6.1
3. Describe how atoms can gain or lose electrons to make anions and cations,
respectively. - Chapter 6.2
4. Understand how the periodic table can be used to determine a tendency to
lose or gain electrons -
5. Draw the Lewis dot symbols for elements - Chapter 6.4
6. Draw the Lewis dot structures for simple compounds - Chapter 6.4
7. Explain what is meant by a bonded pair of electrons and a non-bonded lone
pair of electrons - Chapter 6.4
8. Give examples of how the sharing of electrons between two atoms results
in a covalent bond - Chapter 6.4
9. Explain how the total valence electrons in a molecule determines the shape
of the molecule - Chapter 6.5
10. Show how molecular shapes are determined by the placement and number
of unpaired electrons - Chapter 6.6
11. Predict and draw the shapes of a wide variety of molecular compounds
- Chapter 6.7
1. Define and discuss the four types of electrical attraction between
the molecules in a liquid - Chapter 7.1
2. Discuss how ions and polar molecules attract each other - Chapter 7.1
3. Explain how polar molecules can induce dipoles in nonpolar solutions - Chapter
7.1
4. Explain what a solution is and give examples of a solution - Chapter 7.2
5. Calculate the concentration of solute in a solution - Chapter 7.2
6. Define molarity and perform calculations with this concentration unit -
Chapter 7.2
7. Discuss the term solubility and how it relates to ease of making a solution
- Chapter 7.3
8. Discuss the concept of "like dissolves like" with examples - Chapter
7.3
9. Draw a diagram of a soap molecule indicating that a soap works by being
both polar and nonpolar - Chapter 7.4
10. Describe the characteristics of a synthetic detergent and how this differs
from a soap - Chapter 7.4
11. Explain how hard water inhibits the cleansing action of a soap- Chapter
7.4
1. Discuss the many unique properties of water and ice - Chapter 8.1
2. Draw a diagram illustrating the polar characteristics of water and hydrogen
bonds - Chapter 8.1
3. Explain the open crystalline structure of ice - Chapter 8.1
4. Explain how ice crystals melt to form liquid water - Chapter 8.2
5. Discuss the fact that water has a "structure" in which hydrogen
bonds are continually being made and broken- Chapter 8.1
6. Illustrate why fish can survive in a pond in the winter even though the
air temperature is freezing- Chapter 8.2
7. Define and explain changes in physical states - Chapter 8.3 - 8.4
8. Explain the abnormally high heat capacity of water and the applications
of this fact - Chapter 8.5
9. Define the term specific heat capacity and how this relates to energy -
Chapter 8.5
10. Describe how the high specific heat of water has a large influence on the
climate of the world - Chapter 8.6
1. Discuss how a chemical equation represents a chemical reaction -
Chapter 9.1
2. Balance simple chemical equations - Chapter 9.1
3. Describe how chemists count atoms and molecules using relative mass - Chapter
9.2
4. Define the concept of a mole and give the relationship between moles and
grams - Chapter 9.2
5. State the value of Avogadro’s number and how it relates to calculations
involving moles - Chapter 9.2
6. Perform simple stoichiometry calculations involving moles of reactants and
products - Chapter 9.2
7. Discuss how food spoilage is related to temperature - Chapter 9.3
8. Define a catalyst and list examples of how catalysts are used in nature
and in industry - Chapter 9.4
9. Define the term bond energy and this concept relates to the speed of a reaction
- Chapter 9.5
1. Discuss the concept that all acids donate protons (hydrogen ions)
while all bases accept protons - Chapter 10.1
2. State the key physical properties of acids and bases: acids have a sour
taste, bases feel slippery - Chapter 10.1
3. List examples of acids and bases - Chapter 10.1
4. Explain the term neutralization and give examples of acid-base reactions-
Chapter 10.2
5. Explain how solutions of ionic substances in water can be acidic, basic
or neutral - Chapter 10.3
6. Explain that the term pH is used to denote acidity or basicity and the pH
scale ranges from 0 – 14, Chapter 10.3
7. Define the mathematical equation for pH and compute the pH from the Hydrogen
ion concentration - Chapter 10.3
8. List the conditions of hydrogen ion concentration that produce a pH or less
than 7 or great than 7 - Chapter 10.3
9. Discuss the practical importance of the fact that rainwater is acidic and
that the oceans are basic- Chapter 10.4
10. Explain the environmental impact of acid rain - Chapter 10.4
11. Explain the importance of buffering our blood and the effects of acidosis
and alkalosis - Chapter 10.5
1. Define oxidation: the loss of electrons and reduction, the gain
of electrons, Chapter 11.1 - Chapter 11.2
2. Explain how the electricity obtained from a battery results from a redox
reaction - Chapter 11.3
3. Define the terms anode and cathode - Chapter 11.3
4. List and explain the steps involved in common battery systems - Chapter
11.3
5. Explain how a fuel cell works and why this battery could help with energy
supply problem - Chapter 11.3
6. Describe the electrolysis of a solution – the use of electrical energy
to produce chemical changes - Chapter 11.3
Chapter 12. Organic Compounds
1. Describe the unique ability of carbon atoms to link together to form long
chains and rings - Chapter 12.1
3. Draw the structural formulas of simple hydrocarbons and be able to provide
the namess - Chapter 12.1
4. Explain the term structural isomer - Chapter 12.1
5. Explain the term conformations - Chapter 12.1
6. Describe how hydrocarbons such as gasoline are obtained from oil and
coals - Chapter 12.1
7. Describe with examples hydrocarbons that contain multiple bonds — unsaturated
compoundss - Chapter 12.2
8. Explain the properties of aromatic compoundss - Chapter 12.2
9. List examples of atoms in an organic compound called heteroatoms — atoms
other than carbons - Chapter 12.2
10. Define and list the common functional groups in organic compoundss -
Chapter 12.3
11. Discuss the properties of alcohols, phenols and ethers — heterogroups
that contain oxygens - Chapter 12.3
12. Discuss the properties of amines — heterogroups that contain nitrogens
- Chapter 12.3
13. Discuss the role of the carbonyl group in forming aldehydes and ketoness
- Chapter 12.3
14. Explain how carbonyl groups are present in amides, carboxylic acids, and
esterss - Chapter 12.3
15. List the properties of amides, carboxylic acids, and esters, and give examples
of their uses - Chapter 12.3
16. Explain how organic molecules can link together to form polymerss - Chapter
12.4
17. List some important polymers and explain their uses in societys - Chapter
12.4
18. Explain the difference between a natural polymer and a synthetic polymers
- Chapter 12.4
19. List the names and properties of important synthetic polymerss - Chapter
12.4
1. Characterize the role of fresh water in our environment - Chapter
16.1
2. Describe the hydrologic cycle - Chapter 16.1
3. Define the terms water table and aquifer - Chapter 16.1
4. Describe the extent of water usage in the US and major components of consumption
- Chapter 16.2
5. Calculate the amount of water consumed in daily activities such as taking
a shower - Chapter 16.2
6. Describe how water is purified to make it potable– fit for human consumption
- Chapter 16.3
7. Explain how desalination is accomplished using distillation and reverse
osmosis - Chapter 16.4
8. Describe has seemingly innocuous human activities can lead to serious water
pollution - Chapter 16.5
9. Explain the ways in which sewage can contaminate ground water - Chapter
16.7
10. Describe the role of microorganisms in changing the level of dissolved
oxygen - Chapter 16.7
11. Explain how a wastewater treatment facility works - Chapter 16.7
1. Describe the composition and give characteristics of the atmosphere
- Chapter 17.1
2. Explain the term atmospheric pressure - Chapter 17.1
3. Explain the US Clean Air Act of 1977 and new laws in California governing
clean air. - Chapter 17.2
4. Discuss the two types of smog, industrial smog and photochemical smog -
Chapter 17.2
5. Discuss the role of emissions from cars in the formation of photochemical
smog in Los Angeles - Chapter 17.2
6. Discuss the depletion of ozone in the stratosphere and its impact on the
increase in skin cancer occurrences - Chapter 17.3
7. Explain how human activities since the industrial revolution have resulted
in global warming - Chapter 17.4
8. Discuss the potential long-term effects of global warming and the research
underway to better quantify the future temperature increases - Chapter 17.4
1. Explain how we must manage our total energy resources not only for
the present but for the future - Chapter 19.1
2. Describe how electricity is generated - Chapter 19.2
3. Compare the cost of producing electricity form various sources - Chapter
19.2
4. Explain how fossil fuels are used to generate most the electricity in the
US - Chapter 19.2
5. Describe the pollution associated with coal and various hydrocarbons as
an energy source - Chapter 19.3
6. Compare and contrast the benefits of a fission power plant to other forms
of energy- Chapter 19.3
7. Define the term sustainable energy resources - Chapter 19.4
8. Discuss alternative sources of energy - Chapter 19.5 - Chapter 19.9
